Mysql数据库搭建

2024-04-06

下载介质：https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/

1 解压Mysql压缩包到/usr/local/mysql下：

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tar -zxvf mysql_5.7.44_linux_x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
cd /usr/local/
mv mysql-5.7.44-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql

2 创建mysql用户组及其用户

useradd -g表示把mysql用户添加到mysql用户组中

1 2	groupadd mysql useradd -g mysql mysql

1 2	mkdir /usr/local/mysql/data mkdir /usr/local/mysql/tmp

4 初始化MySQL配置表

1 2	cd /usr/local/mysql bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

初始化之后，会在最后一行看到root账号的初始密码。

有可能报bin/mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory错误。需要安装libaio

# centos
yum install -y libaio numactl

# debian
apt install libaio-dev

5 创建配置文件/etc/my.cnf

创建配置文件，并写入以下内容：

[client]
socket = /usr/local/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
port = 3306
socket = /usr/local/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock

sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES

6 更改文件权限

1 2	chown -R mysql /usr/local/mysql/data chown -R mysql /usr/local/mysql/tmp

7 启动Mysql服务（这步可以不做）

1	./bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

输出，则表示Mysql服务配置成功：

2024-04-03T08:53:44.133293Z 0 [Note] Skipping generation of RSA key pair as key files are present in data directory.
2024-04-03T08:53:44.134295Z 0 [Note] Server hostname (bind-address): '*'; port: 3306
2024-04-03T08:53:44.134347Z 0 [Note] IPv6 is available.
2024-04-03T08:53:44.134355Z 0 [Note]   - '::' resolves to '::';
2024-04-03T08:53:44.134380Z 0 [Note] Server socket created on IP: '::'.

8 建立软连接

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ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql  /usr/local/bin
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin  /usr/local/bin
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe  /usr/local/bin

9 mysqld服务加入开机自启动项

把mysql下的support-files/mysql.server服务脚本放到系统服务，并设置运行权限

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cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
/etc/init.d/mysqld start

这样就可以使用service mysqld start启动服务。

10 修改Mysql密码

使用mysql连接数据库，密码为初始化MySQL配置时，输出的root初始密码：

1 2	mysql -u root -p mysql> alter user root@localhost identified by 'mysql';

说明：如果使用mysql命令报错：mysql: error while loading shared libraries: libncurses.so.5: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory 则需要安装相关依赖：

# centos

yum install -y ncurses-compat-libs

# debian
apt install libncurses5

补充：

如果在初始化 MySQL 数据库后忘记了 root 用户的密码，通过以下步骤重置：

1 停止正在运行的 MySQL 服务: service mysqld stop
2 安全模式启动 MySQL 服务: ./bin/mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables --skip-networking &
3 不需要密码就能以 root 用户身份登录到 MySQL 了：mysql -u root
4 不需要密码就能以 root 用户身份登录到 MySQL 了：

1 2	FLUSH PRIVILEGES; ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'mysql';

5 需要退出 MySQL 命令行，然后停止安全模式下的 MySQL 服务，再以正常模式启动 MySQL 服务:

# 需要输入新设置的密码，这里示例设置的是mysql
./bin/mysqladmin -u root -p shutdown

# 启动mysql服务
service mysqld start